Nangona imvelaphi yamagama inokuba lixesha elibanzi, sinayo onomastics ukwazi ukuyenza incinci. Kule meko, ibhekisa kumagama afanelekileyo. Amagama akho kwaye aya kuba ngabalinganiswa bethu abaphambili, bobabini ebomini nasemsebenzini esiwubonisayo kule webhusayithi.
Kodwa nangona siyazi intsingiselo yokwenyani yegama elithi "onomastics ," ayinakuphela apho. Elo "ngaphezulu" livela kwimvelaphi kunye nemvelaphi yazo zonke amagama afanelekileyo esiwasebenzisayo—kungekuphela nje ebantwini, kodwa nakwiindawo. Kuba yonke into inesiqalo! Ngaba uyafuna ukukwazi?
Yintoni i-Onomastics?
Xa sibhekisa kweli gama, wonke umntu ngokuqinisekileyo uyazi intsingiselo yalo. Singathi lisebe okanye inxalenye ye-lexicography —oko kukuthi, ingqokelela yonke okanye iqela lamagama elinawo ulwimi. Kodwa kwimeko ye-onomastiki, la magama abhekisa kumagama afanelekileyo, njengeefani, kunye nalawo achaza iindawo, izityalo, okanye iziganeko, njl. Asimele silibale ukuba igama elithi onomastics livela kwisiGrike kwaye linokuguqulwa libe 'bubugcisa bokunika amagama okanye ukubiza'.
Ukwahlulahlula okanye amasebe e-Onomastics
I-Anthroponymy
Elinye lamasebe abaluleke kakhulu yi-anthroponymy, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi -anthropological onomastics . Ifunda amagama afanelekileyo kunye namagama omntu, kuquka neefani. Kakade ke, kwezinye iinkcubeko zamandulo, igama elinye okanye elinye kuphela elalisetyenziswa ukuchonga.
Kuthiwa uninzi lwamagama obuqu luvela kwamanye amagama aqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwazi intsingiselo yawo. Ukuze sifumane impendulo, kufuneka sijonge intsingiselo yegama , njengoko liza kusixelela imbali yalo. Sinamagama obuqu anemvelaphi yesiGrike, yesiRoma, yesiHebhere, yesiJamani, neyesiArabhu.
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, igama lomntwana lalidla ngokuba ngamazwi okuqala awayethethwa ngutata xa embona . AmaRoma, kwelinye icala, ukuba ayengakhethanga igama, ayenokusebenzisa amanani.
Toponymy
Olunye uqeqesho kwi-onomastics kukufunda ngamagama eendawo. Nangona i-toponymy ingaphelelanga kumagama eendawo, ikwafumaneka rhoqo kwi-anatomy nakwi-biology. Eli gama lafakwa ngokusesikweni kwisichazi-magama seRoyal Spanish Academy ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amagama eendawo anokuvela kumagama omntu. Nangona kunjalo, akwangamagama agqamileyo ngokweempawu okanye izinto ezibhekisele kuwo. Ke ngoko, akumangalisi ukuba igama lendawo linokubonisa iimpawu zokusingqongileyo ngokungathi lunxibelelwano oluyimfihlakalo, kodwa le yimvelaphi yegama. Ngaphakathi kwe-toponymy, sifumana ama-hydronyms (imilambo), ama-thalassonyms (iilwandle kunye neelwandle), ama-oronyms (amagama eentaba), kunye nama-theonyms (amagama oothixo).
Bionymy
Kule meko, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba igxile ekufundeni amagama ezinto eziphilayo, ingakumbi izilwanyana nezityalo. Igama elithi Zoonymy libhekisa kumagama ezilwanyana, ngelixa elithi phytonymy libhekisa kumagama ezityalo.
I-odonymy
Ewe, ukuba sithetha ngokuhlelwa kwamagama, asinakho ukungayihoyi eyongamele ezitalatweni, izikwere okanye oohola bendlela. Kuba bonke, endaweni yoko amagama abo, baya kuba yinxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-odonym. Eli gama livela nakwisiGrike samandulo kwaye linokuguqulelwa 'njengegama lendlela'.
Imbali ye-Onomastics kwilizwe lethu
Kumelwe kuthiwe iilwimi ezininzi zazithethwa eSpain, njengeCeltiberian kunye neTartessian, phakathi kwezinye. Oku kubonisa ukuba iinkcubeko kunye nokwahlukana kwakukho kwilizwe lethu, okusishiya nezandi ezahlukeneyo, oonobumba kunye neengcambu zamagama. Umzekelo, isiCastilian kunye ne-Iberian zabelana ngezikhamiso ezintlanu ezazizahlula kwezinye iilwimi zesiRomance, kunye nezinye izimamva ezingaveli kwisiLatini, ezifana no--arro kunye no--ueco.
Xa amaRoma afika, azisa isiLatini, ngoko ke, ayefuna ukuba sibe lulwimi oluphambili, nto leyo eyacima uninzi lwezinye iilwimi ezithethwayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha nakwizizukulwana, isiLatini saba lolona lwimi luphela. Nangona kunjalo, kuthiwa nesiBasque sasinda. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba amagama amaninzi eendawo kunye namagama avela kwisiLatini esiVulgar , esasiquka zonke iilwimi. Ukujonga imbali kubonisa imvelaphi yamagama amaninzi.